Compact fluorescent lamp WikipediaLow energy light bulb redirects here. For other low energy bulbs, see LED lamp. The tubular type compact fluorescent lamp is one of the most popular types in Europe. Comparison of compact fluorescent lamp with 1. W, 3. 6 W, and 1. W power consumption. A compact fluorescent lamp CFL, also called compact fluorescent light, energy saving light, and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb some types fit into light fixtures designed for incandescent bulbs. The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp. Compared to general service incandescent lamps giving the same amount of visible light, CFLs use one fifth to one third the electric power, and last eight to fifteen times longer. A CFL has a higher purchase price than an incandescent lamp, but can save over five times its purchase price in electricity costs over the lamps lifetime. Like all fluorescent lamps, CFLs contain toxic mercury2 which complicates their disposal. In many countries, governments have banned the disposal of CFLs together with regular garbage. These countries have established special collection systems for CFLs and other hazardous waste. The principle of operation remains the same as in other fluorescent lighting electrons that are bound to mercury atoms are excited to states where they will radiate ultraviolet light as they return to a lower energy level this emitted ultraviolet light is converted into visible light as it strikes the fluorescent coating as well as into heat when absorbed by other materials such as glass. Web Discussions Not Correctly Installed Hammer' title='Web Discussions Not Correctly Installed Hammer' />CFLs radiate a spectral power distribution that is different from that of incandescent lamps. Improved phosphor formulations have improved the perceived color of the light emitted by CFLs, such that some sources rate the best soft white CFLs as subjectively similar in color to standard incandescent lamps. White LED lamps now compete with CFLs for high efficiency lighting,4 and GE is stopping production of domestic CFL lamps in favour of LEDs. HistoryeditThe parent to the modern fluorescent lamp was invented in the late 1. Peter Cooper Hewitt. The Cooper Hewitt lamps were used for photographic studios and industries. Edmund Germer, Friedrich Meyer, and Hans Spanner patented a high pressure vapor lamp in 1. George Inman later teamed with General Electric to create a practical fluorescent lamp, sold in 1. Circular and U shaped lamps were devised to reduce the length of fluorescent light fixtures. The first fluorescent light bulb and fixture were displayed to the general public at the 1. New York Worlds Fair. The spiral CFL was invented in 1. Edward E. Hammer, an engineer with General Electric,7 in response to the 1. Although the design met its goals, it would have cost GE about 2. The design was eventually copied by others. In 1. CFLs, manufactured in China, became commercially available. Since that time, their sales have steadily increased. In 1. 98. 0, Philips introduced its model SL, which was a screw in or bayonet mount lamp with integral magnetic ballast. The lamp used a folded T4 tube, stable tri color phosphors, and a mercury amalgam. Web Discussions Not Correctly Installed Hammer' title='Web Discussions Not Correctly Installed Hammer' />This was the first successful screw in replacement for an incandescent lamp. In 1. 98. 5, Osram started selling its model EL lamp, which was the first CFL to include an electronic ballast. Development of fluorescent lamps that could fit in the same volume as comparable incandescent lamps required the development of new, high efficacy phosphors that could withstand more power per unit area than the phosphors used in older, larger fluorescent tubes. In early 2. 01. 6, General Electric announced the phase out of CFL production in the United States. LED prices had dropped steadily, falling well below 5 for a basic bulb in 2. As a result, customers had been migrating toward LEDs. Web Discussions Not Correctly Installed Hammer' title='Web Discussions Not Correctly Installed Hammer' />CFLs were also facing the possibility of proposed regulations for 2. Energy Star rating. Philips SL, an early CFLA helical integrated CFL, one of the most popular designs in North America since 1. Chinese firm, Shanghai Xiangshan, marketed the first successful design. There are two types of CFLs integrated and non integrated lamps. Integrated lamps combine the tube and ballast in a single unit. These lamps allow consumers to replace incandescent lamps easily with CFLs. Integrated CFLs work well in many standard incandescent light fixtures, reducing the cost of converting to fluorescent. Non integrated CFLs have the ballast permanently installed in the luminaire, and usually only the fluorescent tube is changed at its end of life. Since the ballasts are placed in the light fixture, they are larger and last longer compared to the integrated ones, and they dont need to be replaced when the tube reaches its end of life. Non integrated CFL housings can be both more expensive and sophisticated. They have two types of tubes a bi pin tube designed for conventional ballast, and a quad pin tube designed for an electronic ballast or a conventional ballast with an external starter. A bi pin tube contains an integrated starter, which obviates the need for external heating pins but causes incompatibility with electronic ballasts. Non integrated CFLs can also be installed to a conventional light fixture using an adapter containing a built in magnetic ballast. The adapter consists of a regular bulb screw, the ballast itself and a clip for the lamps connector. Non integrated bi pin double turn CFL. An electronic ballast and permanently attached tube in an integrated CFLCFLs have two main components a magnetic or electronic ballast and a gas filled tube also called bulb or burner. Replacement of magnetic ballasts with electronic ballasts has removed most of the flickering and slow starting traditionally associated with fluorescent lighting, and has allowed the development of smaller lamps directly interchangeable with more sizes of incandescent light bulb. Electronic ballasts contain a small circuit board with a bridge rectifier, a filter capacitor and usually two switching transistors, which are often insulated gate bipolar transistors. Free Pdf Printer Software Download on this page. The incoming AC current is first rectified to DC, then converted to high frequency AC by the transistors, connected as a resonant series DC to AC inverter. The resulting high frequency is applied to the lamp tube. Since the resonant converter tends to stabilize lamp current and light produced over a range of input voltages, standard CFLs do not respond well in dimming applications and will experience a shorter lifespan and sometimes catastrophic failure. Special electronic ballasts integrated or separate are required for dimming service. CFL light output is roughly proportional to phosphor surface area, and high output CFLs are often larger than their incandescent equivalents. This means that the CFL may not fit well in existing light fixtures. To fit enough phosphor coated area within the approximate overall dimensions of an incandescent lamp, standard shapes of CFL tube are a helix with one or more turns, multiple parallel tubes, circular arc, or a butterfly. Web portal for buildingrelated information with a whole building focus provided by the National Institute of Building Sciences. Areas include Design Guidance. Someone asked if I had plans so Im posting this. These are my absolute final plans, I think. LOL. The red is the final changes I made. I added in the pool in the. The greatest monster of all is Man. The Daemon does not choose to dwell outside the blessed Materium, nor does the xenos cast aside the holy form of Man to walk. PowerMacG4. com how to upgrade your Apple Power Mac G4. Overclock your G4. Links to purchase PowerMac G4 systems. Install a Pioneer SuperDrive. G4 PowerMac Resources. Some CFLs are labeled not to be run base up, since heat will shorten the ballasts life. Such CFLs are unsuitable for use in pendant lamps and especially unsuitable for recessed light fixtures. CFLs designed for use in such fixtures are available. Block Around the Web Links With the Freedom App. Theres a second use for Freedom, a simple app that lets you block distracting sites like Twitter for a few minutes, hours, or days. As the apps blog points out, Freedom also works as a clickbait blocker that hides the gross and misleading Around the Web links at the bottom of news articles aka the chumbox. This is useful if you dont use an ad blocker, but the principle is the same Freedom blocks all traffic from a specified domain. This is impractical for blocking most ads, which are served from a huge and ever changing set of different domains. But most Around the Web links route through a few top publishers, which you can easily turn into a blocklist in Freedom. WindowsMacAndroidi. OS What good is blocking distractions on your computer if you can pick upRead more Read. 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